雷达遥感在澜沧江中下游地区锰矿调查评价中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

王郁  杨景元 《地质找矿论丛》2002,17(4):271-276

澜沧江吓游地区地处热带-亚热带，植被及第四系覆盖严重，应用雷达遥感技术可以初步揭露植覆盖，利用SAR图像识别主要岩石类型和构造形式，并圈定了主要含锰岩系，进而确定了成锰有利地段。  相似文献   

Stability of earthquake moment tensor inversions: effect of the double-couple constraint   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. Henry  J. H. Woodhouse  S. Das   《Tectonophysics》2002,356(1-3)

We show that spurious large non-double-couple components can be obtained in inversions for the full deviatoric moment tensor for shallow crustal earthquakes due to inaccurate Earth models. The traditional “best double-couple” solution does not in general provide an optimal estimate of a double-couple mechanism, and is only reliable when the non-double-couple component of the full deviatoric solution is small. The inverse problem for the moment tensors of the 1998 Antarctic Plate and 2000 Wharton Basin strike-slip earthquakes is shown in each case to have two well-fitting minima in the misfit function of pure double-couple solutions. Such pairs of solutions are most likely to exist for earthquakes which are close either to vertical strike-slip or to dip-slip on a fault plane dipping at 45°. It is shown theoretically that these pairs of solutions arise from the combination of the pure double-couple constraint and the instability of two elements of the moment tensor. No significant non-double-couple component is found for the shallow thrusting 1996 Biak, Indonesia earthquake.  相似文献   

Post-mid-Cretaceous eastern North Sea evolution inferred from 3D thermo-mechanical modelling   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lykke Gemmer  Sren B. Nielsen  Mads Huuse  Holger Lykke-Andersen 《Tectonophysics》2002,350(4):105-342

The Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic evolution of the eastern North Sea region is investigated by 3D thermo-mechanical modelling. The model quantifies the integrated effects on basin evolution of large-scale lithospheric processes, rheology, strength heterogeneities, tectonics, eustasy, sedimentation and erosion.

The evolution of the area is influenced by a number of factors: (1) thermal subsidence centred in the central North Sea providing accommodation space for thick sediment deposits; (2) 250-m eustatic fall from the Late Cretaceous to present, which causes exhumation of the North Sea Basin margins; (3) varying sediment supply; (4) isostatic adjustments following erosion and sedimentation; (5) Late Cretaceous–early Cenozoic Alpine compressional phases causing tectonic inversion of the Sorgenfrei–Tornquist Zone (STZ) and other weak zones.

The stress field and the lateral variations in lithospheric strength control lithospheric deformation under compression. The lithosphere is relatively weak in areas where Moho is deep and the upper mantle warm and weak. In these areas the lithosphere is thickened during compression producing surface uplift and erosion (e.g., at the Ringkøbing–Fyn High and in the southern part of Sweden). Observed late Cretaceous–early Cenozoic shallow water depths at the Ringkøbing–Fyn High as well as Cenozoic surface uplift in southern Sweden (the South Swedish Dome (SSD)) are explained by this mechanism.

The STZ is a prominent crustal structural weakness zone. Under compression, this zone is inverted and its surface uplifted and eroded. Contemporaneously, marginal depositional troughs develop. Post-compressional relaxation causes a regional uplift of this zone.

The model predicts sediment distributions and paleo-water depths in accordance with observations. Sediment truncation and exhumation at the North Sea Basin margins are explained by fall in global sea level, isostatic adjustments to exhumation, and uplift of the inverted STZ. This underlines the importance of the mechanisms dealt with in this paper for the evolution of intra-cratonic sedimentary basins.  相似文献   

震源时间函数与震源破裂过程   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

许力生  陈运泰 《地震地磁观测与研究》2002,23(6):1-8

简要介绍了现代数字地震学的两个重要概念。一个是震源时间函数，另一个是地震震源的时空破裂过程。首先，从地震断层位移表示定量出发，介绍震源时间函数和震源破裂过程的基本概念。然后，分别介绍两种从远场地震记录中提取震源时间函数和获取有限断层面上时空破裂过程图像的反演方法。  相似文献   

2-D crustal structure of Changbaishan-Tianchi volcanic region determined by seismic traveltime inversion     

王夫运  张先康  杨卓欣 《地震学报(英文版)》2002,15(2):152-161

IntroductionTrial-and-error forward modeling of wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction traveltimes for 2-D velocity structure is extremely time-consuming, even for experienced data interpreters. For wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction experiments that consist of numerous shots along a single line, it is quite difficult through repeated trial-and-error forward modeling to construct a 2-D model that fits the data within acceptable limits (Cerveny, et al, 1977; ZHANG, et al, 200 . In ad…  相似文献   

地震静校正全局最优化问题的求解   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

井西利  杨长春  李幼铭  白彦彬 《地球物理学报》2002,45(5):707-713

针对地震静校正存在的非线性和多参数性等问题，本文提出了一种全局优化的剩余静校正方法.在模型更新规则上，把模拟退火方法和均匀优化设计方法结合在一起，使模型的更新更为合理，从而加快了搜寻全局最优解的速度.同时提出了模型的不同分量的温度参数和退火过程的选取方式，把温度参数的选取与地震剖面的能量联系起来，使温度参数的选取具有自适应的特点.该方法克服了常规模拟退火方法所具有的寻优空间不均匀以及退火参数需通过多次试验选取的缺陷.通过实际地震资料的计算证明，本文提出的方法对地震静校正问题合理而有效.  相似文献   

Moment-tensor statistics of the 1997 Long Valley microearthquake swarm     

A. Stroujkova  P.E. Malin 《Journal of Seismology》2002,6(1):69-85

Abstract. A simple, fast, moment-tensor inversion method using bandpass-filtered P-amplitudes was used to study the moment-tensor statistics of Long Valley caldera microearthquakes. The events were recorded in the summer of 1997, during a swarm in the caldera. The swarm was associated with geodetic extension, uplift, and subsequent moderate earthquake activity. The moment tensor solutions for 1,993 events were calculated using the new method. The majority of the resulting focal mechanisms appear to be explained in terms of double couple mechanisms. Since some events did exhibit considerable deviation from double-couples, the moment data were studied for their statistical significance. The moments of the actual data were compared to the moments of synthetic data with varying degrees of random noise in their spectra. The results of this study suggested that unless data from more than 20 stations are used and the earthquake epicenter is located inside or very close to the network area, moment-tensor inversion does not correctly resolve the non-double-couple components of microearthquakes. Analysis of the inversion residuals shows that the average noise in the P-wave spectra was close to 20%. The fluctuations of the volumetric components of the moment-tensor are in good agreement with those of the synthetic pure double-couples with 20% of added noise. Thus the moment-tensor statistics suggests that little if any volume change is required to explain the observed seismic energy release in the swarm. However, the statistics do show that a significant compensated-linear-vector-dipole component maybe present in the bulk of the seismicity. Given the network used in this study, such a component could not be precisely resolved for individual earthquakes. This possibility deserves further investigation because of its bearing on the nature of fluid-fault-earthquake processes in swarms.  相似文献   

Multiparametric Traveltime Inversion     

Biloti  Ricardo  Santos  Lúcio T.  Tygel  Martin 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2002,46(2):177-192

In conventional seismic processing, the classical algorithm of Hubral and Krey is routinely applied to extract an initial macrovelocity model that consists of a stack of homogeneous layers bounded by curved interfaces. Input for the algorithm are identified primary reflections together with normal moveout (NMO) velocities, as derived from a previous velocity analysis conducted on common midpoint (CMP) data. This work presents a modified version of the Hubral and Krey algorithm that is designed to extend the original version in two ways, namely (a) it makes an advantageous use of previously obtained common-reflection-surface (CRS) attributes as its input and (b) it also allows for gradient layer velocities in depth. A new strategy to recover interfaces as optimized cubic splines is also proposed. Some synthetic examples are provided to illustrate and explain the implementation of the method.  相似文献   

海岸带遥感资源调查的计算机解译方法探讨     

李柏良  许学工  林辉 《地理与地理信息科学》2002,18(2):34-37

该文介绍了一种利用计算机遥感图像解译进行资源调查的方法———斑块边界自动矢量化辅以目视栅格图像校正法。解译的主要步骤包括 :建立解译标志、影像配准、数据分析、图像增强、监督分类、目视解译修正、草图输出、实地检验、栅格转矢量、结果输出等。笔者结合案例对每一步出现的问题及其解决方法进行了探讨 ,并取得了海岸带资源遥感调查蓬莱幅的结果  相似文献   

A model of the geomagnetic field and its secular variation for epoch 2000 estimated from Ørsted data     

Nils Olsen 《Geophysical Journal International》2002,149(2):454-462

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